South Carolina

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms found in more samples than allowed is a warning of potential problems.

Not a health threat in itself; it is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present5

Trihalomethanes occur when naturally-occurring organic and inorganic materials in the water react with the disinfectants, chlorine and chloramine.

Liver, kidney or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer

Haloacetic acids occur when naturally-occurring organic and inorganic materials in the water react with the disinfectants, chlorine and chloramine.

Increased risk of cancer

Fluoride compounds are salts that form when the element, fluorine, combines with minerals in soil or rocks. Many communities add fluoride to their drinking water to promote dental health.

Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); Children may get mottled teeth

Nitrates and nitrites are nitrogen-oxygen chemical units which combine with various organic and inorganic compounds. The greatest use of nitrates is as a fertilizer. Once taken into the body, nitrates are converted to nitrites.

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.

Arsenic is a semi-metal element in the periodic table. It is odorless and tasteless. It enters drinking water supplies from natural deposits in the earth or from agricultural and industrial practices. Approximately 90 percent of industrial arsenic in the U.S. is currently used as a wood preservative, but arsenic is also used in paints, dyes, metals, drugs, soaps, and semi-conductors. Agricultural applications, mining, and smelting also contribute to arsenic releases in the environment.

Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancer

Chlordane, a synthetic organic chemical, is a viscous liquid, colorless to amber, with a slight chlorine-like aromatic odor. Chlordane was used in the past to kill a variety of insects. The only commercial use of chlordane products still permitted is for fire ant control in power transformers.

Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer

Mercury is a liquid metal found in natural deposits such as ores containing other elements. Electrical products such as dry-cell batteries, fluorescent light bulbs, switches, and other control equipment account for 50 percent of mercury used.

Kidney damage

Trichloroethylene, a volatile organic chemical, is a colorless or blue liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene is primarily used to remove grease from fabricated metal parts and in the production of some textiles.

Liver problems; increased risk of cancer

Benzene, a volatile organic chemical, is a clear, colorless aromatic liquid. It is highly flammable. It is formed through natural processes, such as volcanoes and forest fires. It is also formed from industrial processes. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline and cigarette smoke. The greatest use of benzene is as a building block for making plastics, rubber, resins and synthetic fabrics like nylon and polyester. Other uses include: as a solvent in printing, paints, dry cleaning, etc.

Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer

An alpha emitter with a 1,600 year half life that is part of the uranium decay series. It is the progeny of Th-230, and the parent of Radon-222. [Radium is an analogue for calcium in the body and can accumulate in bone.]

Increased risk of cancer